Sodexo: continued organic growth in revenues for first quarter Fiscal 2014
* Organic growth increased to +2.7%:
* On-site Services up +2.2% thanks to the success of integrated service
contracts and solid business development in North America.
* Benefits and Rewards Services organic growth accelerated to +12.3% for
the period.
* Total consolidated revenue was down at -1.9%, after including the nearly 5%
negative currency effect that has no impact on operations given that
revenues and expenses are in the same currency.
Issy-les-Moulineaux, January 8, 2014 - Sodexo (NYSE Euronext Paris FR
0000121220-OTC: SDXAY), world leader in Quality of Life Services, today reported
its revenue for the first quarter of Fiscal 2014, which ended on November
30, 2013.
Revenues by activity and region
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|Revenues | Q1| Q1| Organic| Currency|Acquisitions(3)| Total|
|(In millions of| Fiscal| Fiscal|growth(1)|effect(2)| | change|
|euro) | 2014| 2013| | | | |
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|North America | 1,935| 1,935| +5.1%| -5.1%| Â | +0.0%|
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|Continental | | 1,517| | | | |
|Europe | 1,525| | +0.5%| -0.7%| +0.7%| +0.5%|
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|Rest of the | | 949| | | | |
|World | 853| | -0.2%| -10.5%| +0.6%| -10.1%|
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|United Kingdom | | 369| | | | |
|and Ireland | 353| | +0.4%| -4.4%| -0.1%| -4.1%|
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|Total On-site | 4,666| 4,770| +2.2%| -4.7%| +0.3%| -2.2%|
|Services | | | | | | |
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|Benefits and | | | | | | |
|Rewards | | | | | | |
|Services | 191| 183| +12.3%| -9.2%| +1.5%| +4.6%|
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|Intra-group | (1)| (3)| Â | Â | Â | Â |
|eliminations | | | | | | |
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
|TOTAL GROUP | 4,856| 4,950| +2.7%| -4.9%| +0.3%| -1.9%|
+---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------------+--------+
(1) Organic growth: increase in revenues at constant scope of consolidation and
exchange rates.
(2) Material changes in exchange rates are presented in Appendix 2 (page 12).
(3) Changes in the scope of consolidation mainly concerns the consolidation of
Crèche Attitude
(previously accounted for by the equity method) in France, following the
increase in Sodexo's stake to 75% in September 2013.
Commenting on these figures, Sodexo CEO Michel Landel said:
"Sodexo continued to demonstrate robust organic growth in the first quarter. Our
unique quality of life service offering remains in strong demand among our
clients. Accelerated growth in North America and the development of facilities
management services confirm this. Our Benefits and Rewards Services also made a
very good start to the year, boosted by a strong marketing dynamic in Latin
America."
1. Analysis of Group revenue growth
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|(In millions of euro)|Q1 Fiscal|Q1 Fiscal|Organic| |Currency| Total|
| | 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect|growth|
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|Corporate | 2,348| 2,449| +1.2%| +0.2%| -5.6%| -4.2%|
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|Healthcare and | 1,083| 1,089| +3.4%| -0.1%| -3.9%| -0.6%|
|Seniors | | | | | | |
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|Education | 1,235| 1,232| +3.3%| +1.0%| -4.0%| +0.3%|
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|Total On-site | 4,666| 4,770| +2.2%| +0.4%| -4.8%| -2.2%|
|Services | | | | | | |
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|Benefits and Rewards | 191| 183| +12.3%| +1.5%| -9.2%| +4.6%|
|Services | | | | | | |
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|Eliminations | (1)| (3)| Â | Â | Â | Â |
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
|TOTAL GROUP | 4,856| 4,950| +2.7%| +0.3%| -4.9%| -1.9%|
+---------------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+------+
On-site Services
On-Site Services revenues totaled 4.7 billion euro in the first quarter. Organic
growth was +2.2%, led by increased demand for integrated Quality of Life
Services offers, in particular facilities management services. This performance
offset lower foodservices volumes, particularly in Europe, and the consequences
of clients seeking cost savings in the current economic environment.
Organic growth in the Corporate segment was affected by a 3.8% decline in Remote
Sites revenue that was largely attributable to delayed investment in new
projects by mining sector clients, and to reduced Defense activity as a result
of military redeployments. Excluding these two factors, growth in Corporate
segment revenue was +3.8%.
In Healthcare and Seniors, organic growth was +3.4%, representing a strong
improvement on the prior year period. Major contract wins for Sodexo in North
America in Fiscal 2013 contributed to a gradual return to growth in the first
quarter.
Thanks to a high client retention rate and improved growth in university and
school comparable unit revenues in North America, organic growth in the
Education segment was also higher than in Fiscal 2013, reaching +3.3%.
Benefits and Rewards Services
Organic growth in revenues from Benefits and Rewards Services reached +12.3%.
This robust performance was mainly due to Sodexo's strong momentum in Latin
America, where organic growth topped +20%.
2. Analysis of On-site Services growth
2.1 North America
Revenues
+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
(In millions of |Q1 Fiscal|Q1 Fiscal|Organic| |Currency| Total|
euro) | 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect| growth|
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Corporate | 430| 415| +9.3%| Â | Â | Â |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Healthcare and | 616| 628| +3.0%| Â | Â | Â |
|Seniors | | | | | | |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Education | 889| 892| +4.7%| Â | Â | Â |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Total North | 1,935| 1,935| +5.1%| 0.0%| -5.1%| 0.0%|
|America | | | | | | |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
On-site Services revenues in North America in the first quarter totaled 1.9
billion euro. Organic growth was +5.1% for the quarter, representing the best
performance in the past six years. This solid underlying performance was
nevertheless masked by the unfavorable currency effect resulting from the 5.1%
decline of the euro against the dollar.
Organic growth in the Corporate segment was a high +9.3%. This strong growth was
mainly attributable to the positive impact of Quality of Life services, the
contribution of new technical maintenance contracts (hard facilities management)
with clients such as Siemens, and the dynamic performance of the Remote Sites
activity in Canada. Recent contract wins include Walt Disney World Resorts,
Citibank, and the extension of a European partnership with Unilever to the
United States.
In Healthcare and Seniors, the +3.0% organic growth reflected the contribution
of contracts signed by Sodexo's teams in Fiscal 2013 which drove a return to
growth in the first quarter. These very large, complex contracts will gradually
ramp up over the next 18 to 24 months.
In Education, organic growth was +4.7%, thanks to a client retention rate that
remained very high and an increase in comparable unit revenues, with a slight
improvement in participation in schools and universities compared with Fiscal
2013. Contract wins included George Mason University in Virginia, and the
University of Colorado School of Medicine.
2.2 Continental Europe
Revenues
+--------+--------+-------+------------+--------+--------+
| Q1| Q1| | | | |
(In millions of euro)| Fiscal| Fiscal|Organic| |Currency| Total|
| 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect| growth|
+---------------------+--------+--------+-------+------------+--------+--------+
|Corporate | 892| 896| +0.6%| Â | Â | Â |
+---------------------+--------+--------+-------+------------+--------+--------+
|Healthcare and | 354| 351| +1.4%| Â | Â | Â |
|Seniors | | | | | | |
+---------------------+--------+--------+-------+------------+--------+--------+
|Education | 279| 270| -1.0%| Â | Â | Â |
+---------------------+--------+--------+-------+------------+--------+--------+
|Total | 1,525| 1,517| +0.5%| +0.7%| -0.7%| +0.5%|
|Continental Europe | | | | | | |
+---------------------+--------+--------+-------+------------+--------+--------+
In Continental Europe, organic growth was +0.5% with mixed trends and difficult
economic conditions depending on the country. Revenues declined in the
Netherlands, for example, but continued to grow rapidly in Russia.
The +0.6% organic growth in the Corporate segment reflected the on-going ramp up
of contracts with a strong multi-technical services component throughout Europe.
Facilities management services continued to see significantly higher growth than
foodservices, offsetting lower catering volumes, particularly as a result of
client downsizing plans. Recent contract wins include one with Carlsberg,
covering 35 sites in ten countries.
In Healthcare and Seniors, revenue growth was +1.4%, an improvement on the
+0.1% recorded in the first quarter of Fiscal 2013. Growth was led in particular
by new Seniors contracts in the Benelux countries such as La Résidence les Eaux
Vives in Belgium.
In Education, revenue was down slightly, reflecting the Group's selective
approach to new business as well as pricing pressure from clients in a number of
countries faced with tighter school budgets. Recent contract wins include
Dunakeszi Education in Hungary.
2.3 Rest of the World (Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Middle East and
Remote Sites)
Revenues
+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
(In millions of |Q1 Fiscal|Q1 Fiscal|Organic| |Currency| Total|
euro) | 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect| growth|
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Corporate | 777| 875| -1.4%| Â | Â | Â |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Healthcare and | 42| 42| +12.3%| Â | Â | Â |
|Seniors | | | | | | |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Education | 34| 32| +17.5%| Â | Â | Â |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Total rest of | 853| 949| -0.2%| +0.6%| -10.5%| -10.1%|
|the World | | | | | | |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
In the Rest of the World (Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Middle East
and Remote Sites), Sodexo holds a leadership position in emerging and high
potential markets.
Revenues totaled 853 million euro in the first quarter. Unfavorable exchange
rates impacted reported revenue by 100 million euro (-10.5%). However, exchange
rate fluctuations do not generate operational risks, because each subsidiary
bills its revenues and incurs its expenses in the same currency. Excluding the
currency effect, first quarter revenue for the Rest of the World was down only
-0.2% compared with the first quarter of Fiscal 2013, but with very mixed trends
across countries, and client segments and sub-segments.
In Corporate, and at constant exchange rates, revenue declined by -1.4% in this
region. This performance reflects:
On the one hand:
* An almost -8.4% decline in revenues from the Remote Site activity (which
represented around 45% of the total for the Rest of the World in Fiscal
2013), due to delayed investment in new projects by mining sector clients
and project terminations in Fiscal 2013.
* A drop in revenue from Defense services.
However, far more positive trends are emerging:
* In the Corporate segment (excluding Remote Sites and Defense), growth was
close to +8% in emerging markets that have considerable medium-term growth
potential.
Even though there are still signs of short-term weakness in clients'
industrial activity in some countries such as Brazil and China, Sodexo's
strong business momentum have helped to deliver further contract wins
including Telefónica in Chile (381 sites) and Bridgestone in China. Sodexo
maintained investment in these markets, especially in terms of human
resources.
In Healthcare and Seniors, organic growth was +12.3%, reflecting Sodexo's solid
business development, especially in Latin America. The further gains attest to
Sodexo's proven expertise in the increasingly global Healthcare and Seniors
market.
In Education, Sodexo is also continuing to expand in emerging markets,
contributing its expertise and deep familiarity with the various market segments
to many clients, especially in Asia. Organic growth in the Rest of the World
region was +17.5%.
New contracts signed by Sodexo's teams include Sultan Qaboos University in Oman,
the Université des Sciences de Santé and the Université des Sciences et
Techniques de Masuku in Gabon.
2.4 United Kingdom and Ireland
Revenues
+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
(In millions of |Q1 Fiscal|Q1 Fiscal|Organic| |Currency| Total|
euro) | 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect| growth|
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Corporate | 248| 263| -1.0%| Â | Â | Â |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Healthcare and | 71| 68| +11.1%| Â | Â | Â |
|Seniors | | | | | | |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Education | 34| 38| -8.5%| Â | Â | Â |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
|Total United | | | | | | |
|Kingdom and | 353| 369| +0.4%| -0.1%| -4.4%| -4.1%|
|Ireland | | | | | | |
+----------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+--------+-----------+
Revenues in the United Kingdom and Ireland region came to 0.4 billion euro in
the quarter. Organic growth in the region was +0.4%.
At constant scope of consolidation and exchange rates, Corporate revenues fell
-1.0%, but excluding the impact of the London Paralympic Games in September
2012(1), first quarter organic growth would have been +4.4%. Revenue growth
primarily reflects the ramp up of several integrated services contracts
including those signed with GSK, Augusta Westland and BAE Systems. Recent
contract wins include Zurich Insurance (21 sites).
In Healthcare and Seniors, organic growth accelerated to +11.1% due to
extensions of service contracts with several hospitals such as Brighton and
Sussex and North Staffordshire University Hospitals.
In Education, the -8.5% decrease in revenues primarily reflects Sodexo's
selective approach to new business. Sodexo recently won a prestigious contract
with University College London (UCL).
(1) Representing revenue of 13 million euro in the first quarter of Fiscal 2013.
3. Benefits and Rewards Services
3.1 Issue volume
+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
(In millions |Q1 Fiscal|Q1 Fiscal|Organic| | Currency| Total|
of euro) | 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect| growth|
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
|Latin America| 2,017| 1,855| +20.3%| Â | Â | Â |
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
|Europe and | 2,164| 2,103| +3.3%| Â | Â | Â |
|Asia | | | | | | |
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
|Total Issue | 4,181| 3,958| +11.3%| +1.9%| -7.6%| +5.6%|
|Volume | | | | | | |
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
Issue volume was 4.2 billion euro, up by +5.6%. Changes in exchange rates
impacted growth by -7.6% in the first quarter, but organic growth in issue
volume remained robust and accelerated to +11.3%.
In Latin America, organic growth remained strong at +20.3%. It was led by a rise
in the number of beneficiaries in the region, by contract wins in Brazil and by
higher face values of issued vouchers and cards, especially in Brazil and
Venezuela.
In Europe and Asia, organic growth in issue volume was +3.3%, boosted by healthy
business development in Turkey and India.
Issue volume from the Onem contract in Belgium continued to grow, rising by more
than 5%. This contract contributes to issue volume growth but has only a limited
impact on revenue growth.
3.2 Revenues
+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
(In millions |Q1 Fiscal|Q1 Fiscal|Organic| | Currency| Total|
of euro) | 2014| 2013| growth|Acquisitions| effect| growth|
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
|Latin America| 109| 100| +21.2%| Â | Â | Â |
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
|Europe and | 82| 83| +1.5%| Â | Â | Â |
|Asia | | | | | | |
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
|Total | 191| 183| +12.3%| +1.5%| -9.2%| +4.6%|
|Revenues | | | | | | |
+-------------+---------+---------+-------+------------+------------+----------+
Revenue was 191 million euro in the first quarter, an increase of +4.6% compared
with the prior year period. Unfavorable exchange rates reduced growth by -9.2%
in the first quarter, but organic revenue growth was excellent, accelerating to
+12.3%.
In Latin America, organic revenue growth was over 20%, thanks to:
* Offers proposed by Sodexo teams in Brazil, which allow tailored solutions to
be offered to a constantly increasing number of beneficiaries.
* Increases in voucher face values in Brazil and Venezuela.
In Europe and Asia, organic growth remained modest at +1.5%, but this
nevertheless represented an improvement on the prior year period.
Recent contracts signed by Sodexo include Capgemini in India, which has 14,000
beneficiaries and is expected to ramp up progressively in Fiscal 2014. Since the
start of Fiscal 2014, Sodexo has also won other contracts such as the Conseil
Général de la Haute-Garonne in France and Lucas TVS Limited in India.
4. Corporate governance: Board of Directors
At their meeting of November 29, 2013, the Board of Directors of Sodexo
appointed Sophie Bellon Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, in order that
she succeeds Pierre Bellon, Chairman and Founder of Sodexo, as Chairman of the
Board of Directors in two years.
Sophie Bellon became a member of the Board of Directors of Sodexo in 1989. After
close to 10 years in the U.S., she joined Sodexo in 1994 where she has had
numerous responsibilities: Project Manager in the finance department, Director
of Strategic Control, Group Director of Client Relations, Managing Director for
Sodexo's Corporate segment in France.
Through these roles, she has developed an extensive knowledge of the Group, its
clients and its teams and has directly participated in the company's principal
stages of growth.
The Board of Directors, in agreement with Sodexo CEO Michel Landel, has given
Sophie Bellon responsibility for the Group's research, development and
innovation strategy with a specific focus on Quality of Life.
5. Financial position
There were no material changes in the Group's financial position or debt ratios
as of November 30, 2013 compared with the financial position and ratios as of
August 31, 2013 which are indicated in the Fiscal 2013 Registration Document.
6. Outlook
Sodexo confirms its objectives for the current fiscal year (Fiscal 2014):
* Organic revenue growth between +2.5% and +3%.
* An + 11% increase in operating profit (at constant exchange rates and
excluding the impact of the exceptional costs related to the program to
improve operational efficiency).
As a result, the Group is targeting an operating margin of 5.6% for Fiscal
2014, up 0.4% compared with Fiscal 2013.
In addition, Sodexo has a two-year target of reaching a consolidated operating
margin of 6% by Fiscal 2015.
Financial calendar
Annual Shareholders' Meeting, Fiscal 2014 January 21, 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------
Payment of the Fiscal 2013 dividend February 4, 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------
First-half Fiscal 2014 results April 17, 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------
Nine months Fiscal 2014 revenues July 9, 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal 2014 results November 12, 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------
Conference Call
Sodexo will hold a conference call (in English) today at 8:30 am (Paris time) to
comment on the
1(st) Quarter Fiscal 2014 revenues. This presentation can be followed live via
webcast on www.sodexo.com.
The press release, presentation and webcast will be available on the Group's
website www.sodexo.com, under the "Latest News" section, and the "Finance -
Financial Results" section.
A recording of the conference call will be available by dialing + 44 (0)
1452 550 000, followed by the passcode 26 76 61 26.
About Sodexo
Founded in 1966 by Pierre Bellon, Sodexo is the global leader in services that
improve Quality of Life, an essential factor in individual and organizational
performance. Operating in 80 countries, Sodexo serves 75 million consumers each
day through its unique combination of On-site Services, Benefits and Rewards
Services and Personal and Home Services. Through its more than 100 services,
Sodexo provides clients an integrated offering developed over more than 45 years
of experience: from reception, maintenance and cleaning, to foodservices and
facilities and equipment management; from Meal Pass, Gift Pass and Mobility Pass
benefits for employees to in-home assistance and concierge services. Sodexo's
success and performance are founded on its independence, its sustainable
business model and its ability to continuously develop and engage its 428,000
employees throughout the world.
Key figures (as of August 31, 2013)
18.4 billion euro in consolidated revenues
428,000 employees
18th largest employer worldwide
80 countries
33,300 sites
75 million consumers served daily
11.6Â billion euro in market capitalization (as of January 7, 2014)
Forward-looking statements:
This press release contains statements that may be considered as forward-looking
and as such may not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These
statements represent management's views as of the date they are made and Sodexo
assumes no obligation to update them. The reader is cautioned not to place undue
reliance on these forward-looking statements.
Main risks and uncertainties
The main risks and uncertainties are not materially different from those
identified by the Group in the "Risk Factors" section of the Fiscal 2013
Registration Document filed with the Autorité des Marchés Financiers on November
18, 2013.
Contacts
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Analysts and Investors Press |
| |
| Pierre BENAICH Laura SCHALK |
| Tel. & Fax: +33 1 57 75 80 56 Tel. & Fax: +33 1 57 75 85 69 |
| e-mail: pierre.benaich@sodexo.com email: laura.schalk@sodexo.com |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
APPENDIX 1
Selected new clients - first quarter fiscal 2014
On-site Services
Corporate
Carlsberg, 35 sites in 10 countries in Europe
Bridgestone, Jiangmen, China
GSA-Social Security Administration, Maryland, United States
Telefónica, 381 sites in Chile
Zurich Insurance UK, 21 sites in the United Kingdom
Education
Colegio Academia de Humanidades, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Dunakeszi Education, Dunakeszi, Hungary
George Mason University, Virginia, United States
Université des Sciences de Santé and Université des Sciences et Techniques de
Masuku,
Libreville and Franceville, Gabon
University College of London, London, United Kingdom
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, United States
Justice
Centre pénitentiaire d'Orléans, Orléans, France
Healthcare and Seniors
Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
Georgian Village, Penetanguishene, Canada
Lima Memorial Hospital, Ohio, United States
Résidence les Eaux Vives, Brussels, Belgium
Riverwoods Senior Living Community, Pennsylvania, United States
Defense
Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado, United States
Sports and Leisure
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, Ohio, United States
Remote Sites
Cairn India Limited, Barmer, India
ENSCO 120, Scotland
Manitoba Hydro, Manitoba, Canada
Seadrill, Norway
Transocean / Asgard, Indonesia
Benefits and Rewards Services
Europe
Artic, Romania
Comité d'entreprise Lignes Air France, France
Conseil Général de la Haute-Garonne, France
Eczacibasi ilac Pazarlama A.S., Turkey
Konak District, Izmir City, Turkey
Latin America
Companhia de Docas do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Consorcio Light Rio, Brazil
Talento Comercial Cooperativa De Trabajo Asociado, Colombia
Venprecar  C.A., Venezuela
Asia
Lucas TVS Limited, India
Shanghai LuJiaZui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co. Ltd., China
APPENDIX 2
Exchange rates
The principal exchange rate changes for the first three months of Fiscal 2014
are:
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+------+------------------+
|1 EUR = | Average rate | Average rate |Change| Revenue impact |
| |Q1 Fiscal 2014|Q1 Fiscal 2013| |(millions of euro)|
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+------+------------------+
|US dollar | 1.3522 | 1.2906 |-4.6% | (89) |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+------+------------------+
|British pound sterling| 0.8431 | 0.8025 |-4.8% | (18) |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+------+------------------+
|Brazilian real | 3.0562 | 2.6398 |-13.6%| (43) |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+------+------------------+
|Bolivar fuerte | 13.8832 | 13.2457 |-4.6% | (1) |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+------+------------------+
Exchange rate fluctuations do not generate operational risks, because each
subsidiary bills its revenues and incurs its expenses in the same currency.
Sodexo 1st Quarter Fiscal 2014 revenues:
http://hugin.info/157633/R/1753320/591387.pdf
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